Objectives:  Upon completion of this course, the resident should be able to:

• Describe retinal changes associated with the normal process of aging.
• Describe retinal changes that occur with age-related macular degeneration.
• Provide a differential diagnosis for nonexudative AMD.
• Describe the clinical management for patients with nonexudative AMD.
• Be able to describe the major findings of the AREDS trial, and be able to calculate risk of progression to advanced AMD based on the grading scale used in this study.
• Be able to define neovascular AMD as well as its underlying pathophysiology.
• Provide a differential diagnosis for neovascular AMD.
• Describe how ancillary testing can be used to diagnose neovascular AMD.

Assignment:  Please read pages 60-78 in the BCSC Retina text prior to the conference, and note any questions you have so they can be discussed at the class.

Objectives: At the conclusion of this conference the resident/student should have an understanding of peripheral retinal abnormalities and should be able to

Describe the epidemiology, causes, characteristics and management of peripheral retinal conditions including:

• Retinal Breaks

• Retinal Detachments

• Retinoschisis

Reading Assignment:  Please read the sections covering Peripheral Retinal Abnormalities in the Retina and Vitreous volume of the BCSC. Also, please see the article at http://www.ophed.com/node/2741.

Objectives: Upon completion of this conference the resident/student should have an understanding of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and should be able to

• Define terms associated with diabetic retinopathy
• Discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy
• Discuss the mechanisms of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy
• Define and discuss the causes, pathophysiology, signs, symptoms and management of
  • diabetic macular edema
  • diabetic macular ischemia

Reading Assignment: Please read the Diabetic Retinopathy section of Chapter 5 Retinal Vascular Disease in the Retina and Vitreous Section of the BCSC.

Assignment #5 (corresponds to Guyton pages 27-36)

Due:  2/6/12
Email to wingardjb@upmc.edu

1. Review questions 16-20, 25-26, 36-37, 41, 43, and 45 from the Guyton book.

1. A 6 diopter hyperope has 8 diopters of accommodative amplitude.  What is the range of accommodation?

1. A 10 diopter myope has 5 diopters of accommodation.  What is the range of accommodation?

1. A spherocylindrical lens has a power of +4 in the 90 degree meridian and +10 in the 180 degree meridian.  With respect to the lens, where is the circle of least confusion located?

1. A. Transpose +2.00 -1.25 x 75 into Plus cylinder form.
   B. Transpose -7.00 +1.75 x 160 into Minus cylinder form.
   C. What type of astigmatism would these two prescriptions correct (simple myopic, mixed, etc.)?

1. Give the spherical equivalent of the following lenses:
   A. +3.00 -4.00 x33
   B. -2.00 +4.00 x75
   C. -7.50 +0.50 x180
   D. Plano +1.50 x90

1. Determine the rigid contact lens power for K readings of 44.00 and 46.00, refraction +9.50 +1.50 x113 at a vertex of 15 mm.  Fit contact 0.50 diopters steeper than the flat K.

1. A. Use the SRK formula (not SRK II) to pick the IOL power for in-the-bag emmetropia for an MA60AC IOL (A constant 119.5), AL of 26 mm, and K readings of 44.50 @90 and 45.50 @180. 
   B. How would the selected IOL power change if you placed this IOL in the ciliary sulcus (instead of in-the-bag)? 
   C. How would you adjust the power if you were aiming for a little bit of post-operative myopia?

Dr. Conrad will talk 7:00-7:40, and Dr. Vyas will make up the 2/22 talk (cancelled due to weather) 7:40-8:20.

Objectives: At the conclusion of this conference witll have an understanding of the effects of systemic drugs on the retina and will be able to

Describe the anatomy and physiology of the retina as it relates to mechanisms of retinal drug toxicity

List the systemic drugs that are known to have adverse effects on the retina including

• chloroquine
• hydroxychloroquine
• vigabatrin
• phenothiazines
• sildenafil
• digoxin
• ethambutol
• tamoxifen
• desferrioxamine

Describe the incidence, symptoms, signs, monitoring protocols and prognosis for toxicity related to these medications.

Reading Assignment:  There appears to be a very short section covering Systemic Drug Toxicity in the Retinal Degenerations associated with Systemic Disease chapter of the Retina and Vitreous volume of the BCSC. For more detail you may wish to read Drugs and the Retina by Constable and Pirmohamed from Expert Opinions on Drug Safety 2004.

Objectives: At the conclusion of this conference the resident/student should have a basic understanding of retinopathy of prematurity and should be able to 

Describe the epidemiology, causes, characteristics and management of retinopathy of prematurity including:

• Risk Factors
• Pathogenesis
• Classification
• Treatment
• Associated Conditions

Reading Assignment: Please read the Retinopathy of Prematurity section in the Retina section of the BCSC. In addition, please re-read the Retinopathy of Prematurity section in the Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus section of the BCSC