PGY-4 level goals (In addition to PGY-3 level goals)
Medical Knowledge
To describe the most complex types of refractive errors, including post-operative refractive errors , post-keratoplasty, and refractive surgery.
To describe the most advanced ophthalmic optics and optical principles of refraction and retinoscopy, including higher order aberrations
Patient Care
To perform the most advanced refraction techniques (e.g., irregular astigmatism, pre- and postrefractive surgery).
To perform objective and subjective refraction techniques in the most complex refractive error, including astigmatism and post-operative refractive error.
To utilize the most advanced ophthalmic optics and optical principles for refraction and retinoscopy, including higher order aberrations.
To perform the most advanced techniques using trial lenses or the phoropter for more complex refractive errors, including modification and refinement of subjective manifest refractive error, cycloplegic retinoscopy and refraction, and post-cycloplegic refraction, irregular astigmatism, post-keratoplasty, and refractive surgery cases.
To use the keratometer for detection of subtle or complex advanced refractive error.
To use more advanced refraction instruments and techniques (e.g., distometer, automated refractor, corneal topography).
